How to Install Linux Kernel 6.10 on Debian 12 or 11

Exploring the Linux Mainline Kernel can significantly enhance your Debian system’s performance and capabilities. Utilizing the Zabbly Linux Kernel, built by Stéphane Graber, efficiently integrates these benefits into your system. Here’s a concise look at what it brings:

• Cutting-Edge Updates: The mainline kernel, accessible via Zabbly, provides the latest features and bug fixes directly from the Linux kernel source, ensuring your system stays up-to-date with the newest advancements.
• Minimal Modifications: Zabbly kernels are built with minimal adjustments, offering a pure and unaltered version of the Linux kernel. This ensures you are running the software as intended by the original developers.
• Focus on Stability: Zabbly kernels emphasize stability and target users prioritizing a reliable and secure operating environment.
• Performance Enhancements: Experience improved performance through optimizations and updates in the latest kernel releases.

However, it’s important to note that while the mainline kernel via Zabbly offers numerous benefits, it may have some compatibility issues, particularly with very new hardware components, due to the lack of distribution-specific patches.

With the introduction out of the way, let’s explore how to install the mainline Linux kernel using terminal commands on your Debian system via Zabbly.

Import Zabbly APT Repository

Note: This only works for Debian 12 Bookworm and Debian 11 Bullseye; it does not work for Debian 10 Buster.

Update Debian Before Linux Kernel 6.10 Installation

Before installing Linux Kernel 6.10, update your system with all available packages.

First, run the update command:

sudo apt update

Proceed to upgrade any outdated packages using the following command.

sudo apt upgrade

Import Linux Zabbly APT Repository For the Latest Mainline Kernel

Zabbly offers specialized Linux kernel builds for Debian and Ubuntu. These builds support a broad range of hardware and are ideal for running Incus containers and virtual machines. They’re based on the recent stable mainline Linux kernel and receive weekly updates.

Start by installing the necessary packages:

sudo apt install lsb-release software-properties-common apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl -y

Next, import the Linux Zabbly Kernel GPG key with the following command:

curl -fSsL https://pkgs.zabbly.com/key.asc | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/linux-zabbly.gpg > /dev/null

Lastly, import the APT Linux Zabbly Kernel APT repository with the following command:

codename=$(lsb_release -sc) && echo deb [arch=amd64,arm64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/linux-zabbly.gpg] https://pkgs.zabbly.com/kernel/stable $codename main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/linux-zabbly.list

Note: If you’re experiencing background noise on Debian 11 with Zabbly, such as no package found, it may be due to Zabbly only supporting both amd64 on Debian 11, whereas Debian 12 supports amd64 and arm64. Debian 11 users may need to remove “arm64” from the [arch=amd64,arm64] configuration to resolve the issue.

Install Linux Kernel 6.10 via Terminal Commands

Refresh APT Index

Now, with the Linux Zabbly Kernel repository imported, first run a quick update with the following command:

sudo apt update

Finalize Installation of Linux Kernel 6.10 via APT Command

Now run the following command to install the Linux Kernel 6.10 on your system:

sudo apt install linux-zabbly

Once the installation process is complete, reboot your system:

sudo reboot

Verify Linux Kernel 6.10 Installation

Before proceeding, the first step is to refresh your repository to reflect the changes made to your sources list and preferences.

uname -r

If you have Neofetch installed, you can print your system specs in pretty text with the following command:

neofetch

And that is it; keep the Kernel updated like you would with all your APT packages.

Additional: How to Restore Debian Default Kernel

It’s important to note that some users may encounter issues with their hardware, such as loss of sound when using the new Linux Kernel.

Remove Linux Kernel 6.10 via APT Command

To remove the Kernel, the first step is to execute the following command.

sudo apt remove linux-zabbly linux-headers-*-zabbly* linux-image-*-zabbly*

Remove Zabbly APT Repository

For those that are removing Linux Kernel 6.10 and reverting to the default Debian kernel permanently, remove the APT repository you imported with the following command:

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/linux-zabbly.list

After sorting the preferences file or if you went a step further and removed the unstable repositories, it’s time to execute an APT update.

sudo apt update

Reboot System

Reboot your system to finalize the removal of Linux Kernel 6.10:

sudo reboot

Verify Linux Kernel 6.10 Removal

Now verify the Kernel installed, which should be the default generic kernel.

uname -r

Conclusion

After you install the Linux 6.10 kernel from the Zabbly kernel repository on Debian 12 (Bookworm) or Debian 11 (Bullseye), you should see a significant improvement if you have new hardware and if there was no previous support for it. The gains are minimal for most, but remember to keep the kernel up-to-date as many updates will be pushed in the future, more than what your original kernel would see.

Useful Links

Here are some valuable links related to using and managing Linux kernels on a Debian system:

• Zabbly Linux GitHub Repository: Access the Zabbly Linux GitHub repository to view the source code, report issues, and contribute to the development.
• Stable Linux Mainline Builds: Visit Stéphane Graber’s blog post, the person who maintains the Zabbly Kernel, for information on stable Linux mainline builds, including installation and usage guides.
• The Linux Kernel Archives: Explore the official Linux Kernel Archives to download kernel source code, access documentation, and stay updated with the latest kernel releases.